29.08.2017

Le Passif

On ne peut pas traduire la phrase anglaise my question has not been answered par ma question n'a pas été répondue parce qu'on répond à une question en français (le mot question est un COI, non un COD dans la phrase active française). Il faut plutôt dire : on n'a pas répondu à ma question.

En français, seul un verbe transitif direct (un verbe suivi d’un COD) peut être mis à la voix passive, mais en anglais, on peut par exemple mettre le verbe intransitif to sleep à la voix passive (it's obvious this bed has not been slept in). En français, il faut dire : il est évident que personne n'a dormi dans ce lit ou il est évident que ce lit n'a pas été défait.

Devant le complément d’agent, par est la construction habituelle avec des noms déterminés et des verbes pris au sens concret, propre ou des verbes qui indiquent une action physique.
La préposition de s’emploie avec des noms sans article et des verbes d’émotion, de sentiment ou pris au sens figuré.
Le voleur a été pris par la police.
Le voleur a été pris de peur.

Faut-il employer par ou de ? Complétez ces phrases.

[...... 10]	Son bureau était encombré …… papiers.
[...... 11]	Elle est appréciée …… tous ses collègues.
[...... 12]	Les feuilles ont été dévorées …… des chenilles.
[...... 13]	Elle était dévorée …… remords.
[...... 14]	La vallée est entourée …… forêts.
[...... 15]	La banque fut attaquée …… un bandit armé.
[...... 16]	Le sol est couvert …… feuilles mortes.
[...... 17]	L’édifice a été détruit …… le feu.
[...... 18]	Les fossés étaient remplis …… eau.
[...... 19]	Le verre a été rempli de lait …… le père.
[...... 20]	L’auto a été remorquée …… un camion.
[...... 21]	L’enfant fut piqué près de l’œil …… un insecte.
[...... 22]	Tous les balcons étaient ornés …… fleurs.
[...... 23]	Ce joueur est aimé …… tous ses coéquipiers. SAGAIE – классический шик. Sagaie - одна из популярных компаний среди почитательниц французcкого стиля. Дизайнеры этой марки делают акцент на женственность и элегантность. Для осени и зимы-2010 «Sagaie» предлагает куртки и жакеты разных цветов, отороченные мехом, тёплые джемперы сдержанных тонов и классического фасона. Но главное в одежде марки Sagaie – вечерние наряды, делающие образ красавиц воздушным и загадочным. Дизайнеры этой компании следуют классическим канонам, не усложняя фасон платьев обилием рюшей и оборок, и делая упор на сочетание тканей и женственный силуэт. Красивые кружева, прозрачная ткань, элегантный фасон заставляют взгляды остановиться и замереть. Есть в каталоге Sagaie не только вечерние платья, но и одежда для работы – комфортная, модная и необычная одновременно. Sagaie – это мода для тех, кто живет в городе и ведет современный активный образ жизни, совмещая работу, ночную жизнь, посещение кафе, кино, выставок и деловых обедов. Why People Get Tattoos Jack lay, quiet and unmoving, for thirty minutes while a stranger repeatedly stabbed him with sharp needles, causing blood to pour steadily out of his leg. Jack was getting a tattoo. His friend Tony had recently gotten a tattoo, and Jack was so impressed by Tony's bravery and his tattoo that he decided to get one too. Getting a tattoo because your friends and peers have them is just one of the reasons why a lot of young people in North America get tattoos. Peer pressure, media influence, and personal expression are some of the common reasons for wearing tattoos today. The desire to be part of a group, to be accepted by one's friends or peers, can have a great influence on what a person does. Sometimes, wearing a tattoo can be a sign that you belong to a certain group. Gangs often use special clothes and tattoos to identify their particular group. For example, in one gang all the members may wear green army jackets and have large 'Xs' tattooed on their arms. It is not only gangs that have this type of special 'uniform'. Young people often belong to a certain group of friends. Some of these groups wear only brand-name clothes. Some wear only black clothes. Others wear tattoos. When a person's friends are all doing something, such as getting a tattoo, that person is more likely to do the same thing, and get a tattoo too. The media is another big influence behind the popularity of tattoos in North America. A wide variety of media images show tattoos. Tattoos can be seen on people appearing in commercials selling expensive cars. Famous sports heroes with tattoos are shown in magazines. Fashion models are often seen in magazines and on TV wearing designer clothes that show their bodies tattooed with detailed and colourful patterns. These media images link tattoos to ideas of wealth, success, and status. As a result, many people decide to get a tattoo for its fashion and status value. It is not always the influence of other people or the media that results in a person getting a tattoo. Many people decide to wear tattoos in order to express their artistic nature, their beliefs, or their feelings -- in other words, to show their individuality. A musician in a rock band may get a tattoo of a guitar on the arm. Some environmentalists may tattoo pictures of endangered animals on their shoulders. Lovers may tattoo each others' names over their hearts. A tattoo can be a public sign to show what is important in a person's life. As you can see, there are many reasons why young North Americans get tattoos. A tattoo can be part of a group's uniform. It can be a sign of fashion. It can be an expression of individuality. The decision to get a tattoo is most often a result of the influence of friends or media or the desire to express oneself. For Jack, it was a mixture of all three.